Hedera published a detailed assessment of where the blockchain industry stands on post-quantum cryptography, acknowledging that its own network still relies on signature schemes a future quantum computer could break and outlining a multi-stage migration plan targeting 2027 for a post-quantum user key type.
The disclosure, posted on April 10, 2026, comes as the broader crypto sector grapples with how to prepare for quantum threats without disrupting live networks. HBAR traded at $0.092 with a market cap near $3.99 billion at press time.
Why Post-Quantum Cryptography Has Become a Real Blockchain Issue
TLDR KEY POINTS
- The threat: Current blockchain signature schemes (ECDSA, Ed25519) are vulnerable to future quantum computers capable of running Shor’s algorithm.
- The HBAR angle: Hedera has published a concrete migration roadmap starting with post-quantum TLS, then hybrid signing, then a new key type by 2027.
- The challenge: Post-quantum signatures are 20x larger than current ones, creating real engineering tradeoffs for live blockchain networks.
Post-quantum cryptography refers to cryptographic algorithms designed to resist attacks from both classical and quantum computers. For blockchains, the core exposure is not generic encryption but specifically digital signatures, the mechanism that proves ownership and authorizes transactions.
Every blockchain account secured by ECDSA or Ed25519 exposes its public key when signing a transaction. A sufficiently powerful quantum computer running Shor’s algorithm could derive the private key from that public key, enabling signature forgery and unauthorized fund transfers.
The timeline is not immediate. Industry experts generally estimate a five to 15 year window before quantum computers could potentially break current cryptographic standards. But the “harvest now, decrypt later” threat, where adversaries collect signed transactions today to crack later, makes early preparation rational.
Standards Have Moved From Theory to Implementation
In August 2024, NIST approved three Federal Information Processing Standards for post-quantum cryptography: FIPS 203, FIPS 204, and FIPS 205. This gave U.S. agencies, vendors, and crypto infrastructure builders a formal baseline for migration.
The approval shifted the industry conversation. Before NIST finalization, post-quantum work was largely research. After it, the question became when and how to deploy, not whether the algorithms were ready.
According to Hedera’s article, Chrome has shipped hybrid key exchange using X25519 plus ML-KEM-768 by default since April 2024, according to unconfirmed reports not independently verified from Google documentation. The browser precedent suggests post-quantum TLS is already entering mainstream infrastructure.
Where HBAR Fits in the Industry’s Post-Quantum Readiness Debate
The HBAR discussion here is a Hedera network-design question, not a token price thesis. Hedera’s April 10 blog post stated clearly that current distributed ledgers, including Hedera itself, still rely on elliptic-curve signatures that a future quantum computer could break.
That candor distinguishes Hedera’s position from vague “quantum-resistant” marketing. The network is not post-quantum secure today. What it has is a published migration sequence.
Hedera’s Migration Roadmap
Hedera’s plan proceeds in stages: first, post-quantum TLS to protect network communication; second, hybrid Ed25519 plus FN-DSA event signing for consensus; and later, a post-quantum user key type. The user key milestone targets 2027, contingent on FIPS 206 (the FN-DSA/Falcon standard) finalization, with ML-DSA as a fallback if that slips.
Hedera’s official documentation states that the hashgraph consensus algorithm itself is post-quantum secure as long as it uses a post-quantum signature scheme. The hybrid signing step is designed to maintain backward compatibility while the ecosystem adapts.
How That Compares With Peers
No major distributed ledger network with traditional signatures has completed a full migration to post-quantum signatures, according to Hedera’s assessment. Bitcoin and Ethereum both rely on ECDSA, and neither has shipped a concrete post-quantum upgrade timeline comparable to Hedera’s staged plan.
That does not make HBAR uniquely safe. It means Hedera has published a roadmap while most competitors have not yet committed to specific milestones. The difference is in planning transparency, not in deployed protection. Investors watching how institutional platforms approach crypto security should note that post-quantum readiness may become a differentiator as traditional finance deepens its blockchain exposure.
What Still Has to Happen Before Blockchains Can Migrate Safely
The biggest practical obstacle is signature size. FN-DSA-1024 signatures are 1,280 bytes versus 64 bytes for Ed25519, a 20x increase. For a network processing thousands of transactions per second, that expansion directly impacts throughput, storage, and fees.
This is not a simple cryptographic library swap. Wallets, custody solutions, exchanges, and smart contracts all embed assumptions about signature formats and sizes. Upgrading a live network means coordinating every layer of the stack simultaneously, a challenge that extends to fee structures across the ecosystem.
Governance adds another layer. Any signature-scheme change on a decentralized network requires validator coordination, potential hard forks, and backward-compatibility decisions. The hybrid approach, running both old and new signature schemes in parallel, reduces disruption but doubles verification overhead during the transition.
The gap between lab-ready algorithms and production-ready blockchain deployment remains wide. NIST has finalized the math. The engineering, governance, and economic work of deploying it across live networks with billions in value is just beginning.
Signals to Watch
- FIPS 206 finalization timeline, which gates Hedera’s 2027 user-key target and affects the entire industry
- Whether Bitcoin or Ethereum core developers formally propose post-quantum signature upgrades, something analysts tracking network fundamentals should monitor alongside price action
- Real-world performance benchmarks comparing FN-DSA and ML-DSA signature verification speed at blockchain transaction volumes
- Any major DLT completing even a testnet-level full post-quantum migration
The post-quantum migration is an infrastructure problem, not a marketing narrative. Networks that publish concrete engineering milestones, disclose current vulnerabilities honestly, and ship incremental upgrades will be better positioned than those offering premature “quantum-proof” labels.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial or investment advice. Cryptocurrency and digital asset markets carry significant risk. Always do your own research before making decisions.
